Are there any math functions available in Python?

The Python programming language has math library which provides commonly used mathematical functions and more. To import all these mathematical functions into Python or Python script we have to type in the following command.

import math

The previous code line creates a module object named math. If you print the name of the math module

print(math)

The output:

< module 'math' (built-in) >

In this module, various mathematical functions are defined and to access them you have to specify the name of the module and the name of the function which is separated by a dot (dot notation). So to use any function from the math module you have to type the name of the module (math) followed by a dot (.) and followed by the built-in mathematical function you wan to use (e.g. sqrt, log, log10, exp,...).
Example 1 Create a program that will take user input (number type float) then calculate and show as the output the sine, cosine, exponential (exp(x)), natural logarithm , base-10 logarithm, and base-2 logarithm.
Solution:

import math
while True:
    try:
        USER_INPUT = input("Enter a number:> ")
        if isinstance(float(USER_INPUT), float):
            print("The number is float type")
            print("math.sin(USER_INPUT) = {}".format(math.sin(float(USER_INPUT))))
            print("math.cos(USER_INPUT) = {}".format(math.cos(float(USER_INPUT))))
            print("math.exp(USER_INPUT) = {}".format(math.exp(float(USER_INPUT))))
            print("math.log(USER_INPUT) = {}".format(math.log(float(USER_INPUT))))
            print("math.log10(USER_INPUT) = {}".format(math.log10(float(USER_INPUT))))
            print("math.log2(USER_INPUT) = {}".format(math.log2(float(USER_INPUT))))
            break
        else:
            print("Enter another number.")
    except:
        print("Enter another number.")

Output:

Enter a number:> 4.23
The number is float type.
math.sin(USER_INPUT) = -0.8858892112966027
math.cos(USER_INPUT) = -0.4638968692589801
math.exp(USER_INPUT) = 68.7172321738465
math.log(USER_INPUT) = 1.4422019930581866
math.log10(USER_INPUT) = 0.6263403673750424
math.log2(USER_INPUT) = 2.0806576633452254

Aside from mathematical functions, the math module has the following mathematical constants:

1. math.e - Euler's number
2. math.inf - Returns a floating-point positive infinity
3. math.nan - Returns a floating-point NaN (not a number) value
4. math.pi - returns PI (3.1415...)
5. math.tau - Returns tau (6.2831...)

Example 2 Create a program that will ask a user to specify the radius of a circle and calculate the area of the circle.
Solution

import math
while True:
    try:
        USER_INPUT = input("Enter a circle radius in meters:> ")
        if isinstance(float(USER_INPUT), float):
            print("The number is float type.")
            CircleArea = (float(USER_INPUT))**2*math.pi
            print("The area of the circle is {} [m^2]".format(CircleArea))
            break
        else:
            print("Enter another number.")
    except:
        print("Failed! Enter another number.")

Output:

Enter a circle radius in meters:> 4.56
The number is float type.
The area of the circle is 65.32502100168472 [m^2]