What is Python and why it is used for?

Python is a widely used high-level, interpreted, a general-purpose computer programming language that was developed by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. In 2000 Python 2.0 was released and it offered new features such as list comprehensions, cycle-detecting garbage collection, reference counting, and Unicode support. Python 2. x was in use until 2020 when the last version of Python 2.7.18 was discontinued. The major revision was made with Python 3.0 which was released in 2008. Unfortunately, this version is not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. The design philosophy of the Python programming language is emphasized as code readability with the use of significant indentation. It is a dynamically-typed and garbage-collected programming language and supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming paradigms.
The Python programming language has many features and benefits, and these are some of the most important:

• Easy to learn - basics of Python programming language are easy to learn and can be learned in a few days when compared to other programming languages such as C, C++, and Java. However, the advanced concepts, packages, and modules require more time to learn.
• Easy to Read - when writing the program code it is always a good practice to create comments to provide some additional information about your code. This practice should be always used when creating programs. However, Python code is easy to read since the code looks like simple Engines words. The programming language does not use semicolons or brackets and the indentation is used to define code blocks.
• Free nad open-source - the Python is completely free to use even for commercial purposes. It can be easily downloaded, modified, and re-distributed.
• Various libraries - Python offers various and free libraries that any user can use. So, when developing programs you don't need to write the code for every single thing which is often in various other programming languages. There are various libraries for databases, image processing, artificial intelligence algorithms, and others, that can be easily downloaded and used.
• Interpreted - the program (source) code is executed line by line, not all at once. In programming languages such as C++ and Java, the program code must be compiled first to run it. However, in the Python programming language, there is no need to compile the program code since is processed at runtime with an interpreter.
• Portable - the Python code can be used on different operating systems. If you created something in Python on Linux operating system the code will also run in Python installed on Windows or Mac operating system.
• Object-oriented - Python programming language procedural, functional and object-oriented programming paradigm. Object-oriented is one of the programming paradigms based on the concept of objects (contain data and code): data in form of properties, and code in form of methods (procedures). To create an object the class is needed and the class is a blueprint of an object.
• Expresive - compared to other programming languages C++, C, or Java the Python programming language can perform complex tasks with only a few lines of code. The simple example of printing "Hello World!" in two programming languages Python and C++.

  #iostream <iostream>
  int main(){
      std::cout<<"Hello World!";
      return 0
  }

  In Python programming language to display "Hello World!" on the screen the function print() is required with "Hello World!".

  print("Hello World!")

• Extensible - Python is highly extensible language which means that it can be extended to other languages such as C++.
• GUI Support - Python has various toolkits (PyQt, Tkinter, wxPython, and Kivy) which are used to create GUI (Graphical User Interface).

From the first official release of Python to today Python programming language has been widely used in various scientific and commercial fields. Python is an excellent scripting language for web applications. Multiple web frameworks such as Django, Pylons, Pyramid, TurboGears, web2py, Tornado, Flask, and others are used in the design and maintenance of complex applications. In scientific computing with Python three most popular libraries such as NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, and Seaborn are often used. The most notable use of Python is in the field of artificial intelligence with the help of TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch, and Scikit-Learn. Using Python with the PyGame library you can create games. Python has been successfully implemented in many software products such as 2D imaging programs (GIMP, Inkscape, Scribus, and Paint Shop Pro) 3D parametric modeler (FreeCAD), 3D animation packages (3ds Max, Blender, Cinema 4D, Lightwave, Houdini, Maya), finite element method software (Abaqus), visual effects compositor (Nuke) and others.